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specific rotation
In chemistry, specific rotation (()) is a property of a chiral chemical compound.〔 It is defined as the change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized light, per unit distance–concentration product, as the light passes through a sample of a compound in solution.〔 Compounds which rotate light clockwise are said to be dextrorotary, and correspond with positive specific rotation values, while compounds which rotate light counterclockwise are said to be levorotary, and correspond with negative values.〔 If a compound is able to rotate plane-polarized light, it is said to be “optically active”.
Specific rotation is an intensive property, distinguishing it from the more general phenomenon of optical rotation. As such, the ''observed'' rotation (α) of a sample of a compound can be used to quantify the enantiomeric excess of that compound, provided that the ''specific'' rotation (()) for the enantiopure compound is known. The variance of specific rotation with wavelength—a phenomenon known as optical rotatory dispersion—can be used to find the absolute configuration of a molecule.〔 The concentration of bulk sugar solutions is sometimes determined by comparison of the observed optical rotation with the known specific rotation.
==Definition==
The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics defines specific rotation as:
For an optically active substance, defined by ()θλ = α/γl, where α is the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated by a solution of mass concentration γ and path length l. Here θ is the Celsius temperature and λ the wavelength of the light at which the measurement is carried out.
Although the unit for specific rotation is deg·mL·g−1·dm−1, values for specific rotation are typically reported in units of degrees, wherein the other components of the unit are tacitly assumed. These values should always be accompanied by information about the temperature, solvent and wavelength of light used, as all of these variables can affect the specific rotation. As noted above, temperature and wavelength are frequently reported as a superscript and subscript, respectively, while the solvent is reported parenthetically, or omitted if it happens to be water.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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